Scientists have uncovered five genetic variants that increase a person’s risk of developing myopia the longer they stay in school.
The research, led by Professor Jeremy Guggenheim from Cardiff University’s School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, used genetic and health data from more than 340,000 participants with European ancestry.
They performed a genetic study to identify gene variants that make people more susceptible to becoming short-sighted in combination with intensive schooling.
“People often become short-sighted as children and the condition appears to result from a mix of genetics, too little time spent outdoors and many years of education,” Guggenheim said.
“Genetic studies have identified more than 450 genetic variants associated with an increased risk of short-sightedness, but few have been shown to increase risk specifically in people with the associated lifestyle factors.”
The study found five genetic variants that progressively increased the risk of becoming myopic for individuals, the more time they spent in school – especially for people who attended education to a university level.
“Three of the genetic variants we discovered were previously unknown. Two of these genes were found in studies of East Asian cohorts, where about 80% of children become short-sighted. In comparison, about 30% of children develop short-sightedness in the West,” Guggenheim said.
“Short-sightedness is a leading cause of uncorrectable visual impairment. These findings provide new insights into the biological mechanisms that cause short-sightedness, but more research is needed to understand how those mechanisms interact with lifestyle factors to cause the condition.”
This research, Education interacts with genetic variants near GJD2, RBFOX1, LAMA2, KCNQ5 and LRRC4C to confer susceptibility to myopia, is published in PLOS Genetics.
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