A Charles Darwin University (CDU) researcher is one step closer to replacing intravitreal drug delivery for eye disease, as well as injections for other chronic diseases.
CDU pharmaceutical scientist Dr Nazim Nassar and RMIT biophysicist Professor Stefan Kasapis have filed an application in the US patent office for a new technology of a “gel-like casing” in an oral tablet form to deliver naturally occurring therapeutic proteins and vaccines.
Dr Nassar said the hydrogel ball could eliminate injections to deliver anticancer, antimicrobial, and immune system modifying remedies and reduce the need to keep the treatment cool in a fridge over time.
“For example, patients who are being treated for blindness caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy currently have to have an injection into their eye, which certainly isn’t the most tolerable experience,” he said.
“There are also many challenges with managing and administering treatments in the pharmacy, including a high equipment cost, the requirement for healthcare staff to supervise, and patients disliking or fearing needles, even though this is the most effective way of delivering the treatment.
He adds that refrigeration is necessary during storage and transport, which increases medication cost and limits the amount of room for storage.
As a practising pharmacist, Dr Nassar said reducing the strain on the healthcare system and its staff also cuts sector and government funding costs, which could result in hundreds of thousands of dollars redistributed to other medical areas for both patients and professionals.
“The demand for biological medicines, known for their treatments with fewer side effects and less resistance against them by cancerous cells, for example, is growing with the increasing global prevalence of chronic conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases,” he said.
“Our ageing population is also growing, and so is the prevalence of associated health issues, so the healthcare system needs more ways to ensure treatment is efficient and effective as much as possible.”
The study showed that using the hydrogel as a carrier controls the drug’s release at the most effective site for absorption in the intestine.
“When the gel expands in the small intestine, it allows water inside, which then transports the biological medicine out of the gel into the small intestine and then transports to the bloodstream,” he said.
“The hydrogel can withstand temperatures up to 40 degrees Celsius and an acidity of pH 2.4, which means it protects the biological medicine, such as insulin, from stomach acidity.”
Dr Nassar adds that the method of drug delivery is specific, effective, able to withstand high temperatures and acidities, causes fewer side effects, and doesn’t degrade quickly.
“This hydrogel could encase all sorts of vaccines and other drug delivery methods that can be taken orally,” he said.
The following study stage is animal trials to determine how the vaccine diffuses in the intestine and activates the immune system.
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