Researchers at the University of Birmingham are leading a pioneering clinical trial to explore how disulfiram, a medication in use since the 1950s to treat alcohol dependency, might be repurposed to treat ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (OcMMP), a condition that causes painful blistering and scarring in the eyes.
OcMMP is a form of mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), which affects the delicate linings of the nose, mouth, throat, and eyes.
When the eyes are involved, the disease can lead to irreversible scarring and, in severe cases, blindness.
A media release from the university said Professor Saaeha Rauz had led an early-stage trial at the Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, initially involving 10 patients.
That research focused on whether disulfiram could reduce levels of an enzyme called ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase), which researchers believe plays a pivotal role in the scarring process.
The release said that after successful results, the team launched the second stage involving a further 20 participants; that is around 30 patients in total.
Early results are expected by October 2026.
Dr Kusy Suleiman, a member of the university research team, said: “Current treatments can help control inflammation, but we still lack effective therapies for the scarring itself.
“Alarmingly, approximately 20% of OcMMP patients lose their sight even while receiving immunosuppressive treatment.”
Patient involvement in the trial design was crucial.
The charity PEM Friends worked closely with the research team to ensure the study was patient-friendly and feasible.
“Our patients helped shape the study,’ said Dr Suleiman.
“They advised on the number of clinic visits, follow-up procedures, and sample collection. Their input has been invaluable.”
The release said disulfiram was gaining attention for its potential beyond alcohol dependency.
Studies suggest it may help treat other inflammatory conditions, HIV, certain cancers, and various forms of addiction.
“Disulfiram is proving to be a remarkably versatile drug,” said Dr Suleiman.
“Our research adds to this growing body of knowledge and opens up possibilities for treating scarring in other organs like the skin, liver, and lungs.”
